First put forward thriugh National Education Policy – 1987
challenges
- multidimensional crisis : poverty + availability + accessbility
- poor learning outcome
- high drop out rate
- exclusion :
Right to education act (RTE)
It offers fundamental right to formal primary education in the recognised school from 6-14 years of age
components
- set standards
- enhanced pupil teacher ratioo
- no of working days fixed
- curriculam standards
- teachers attendaence
- no detention policy
- no corporal punishment
- 25% reservation in private schools for economically backward sections
- mandates every child an accessibility to school within 1 km
positives
- large increase in enrollment ratio
- reduced childlabour to a large extent
- reduced gender disparity
- made education accessible to backward sections of the society
- constitutional obligation to the states
criticism
- no detention policy implies no motivation to study
- poor learning outcomes
- non compliance of RTE standars
- many small schools shut down
Govt schemes
1)Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
2)Mid day meal scheme