CHONOLOGY OF IMMUNISATION PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
1978 – Expanded Programme of Immunization’ (EPI)
1985 – Universal Immunization Programme(UIP) under reproductive material child health
2012 – year of intensification of routine immunization
2014 – Mission INDRADHANUSH
2014 – India declared as Polio Free
2015 – WHO declaration of the same
2017, October 8 -Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI)
CHALLENGES IN IMMUNISATION SYSTEM TO FUNCTION – specific to India
- Voluntary exclusion – people are averse to immunization because like cultural & religious reasons and geographical isolation
- Shortage of human resourses
- Infrastructural gaps
- Duplication
MISSION INDRADHANUSH
To strengthen and re-energize the programme and achieve full immunization coverage for all children and pregnant women at a rapid pace, the Government of India launched “Mission Indradhanush” in December 2014.
Goal
The ultimate goal of Mission Indradhanush is to ensure full immunization with all available vaccines for children up to two years of age and pregnant women.
The Government has identified 201 high focus districts across 28 states in the country that have the highest number of partially immunized and unimmunized children.
Four phases of Mission Indradhanush have been conducted till August 2017 and more than 2.53 crore children and 68 lakh pregnant women have been vaccinated.
Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI)
To further intensify the immunization programme, launched the Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) on October 8, 2017.
Through this programme, Government of India aims to reach each and every child up to two years of age and all those pregnant women who have been left uncovered under the routine immunisation programme/UIP
Intensified Mission Indradhanush will cover low performing areas in the selected districts (high priority districts) and urban areas. Special attention will be given to unserved/low coverage pockets in sub-centre and urban slums with migratory population.
The focus is also on the urban settlements and cities identified under National Urban Health Mission (NUHM).
A case study on pulse polio campaign
1]Mass Campaign
2]Continous R&D – eg : changed from OPV to IPV
3]Effective participation of international organizations such as WHO, UNICEF, Rottery international etc
4]Specific targeting for mobile and migrant population
5]Rapid response team
Conclusion
We need to stay still at zero level. Because Pakistan and Afganistan which are neighbouring countries where virus vulnerability is there, India is also in concern…